排序方式： 共有20条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
The changing chemical composition of cloud water and precipitation in the Western Sudety Mountains are discussed against the background of air-pollution changes in the Black Triangle since the 1980s until September 2004. A marked reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions between the early 1990's and the present (from almost 2 million tons to around 0.2 million tons) has been observed, with a substantial decline of sulphate and hydrogen concentration in cloud water (SO42− from more than 200 to around 70 μmol l− 1; H+ from 150 to 50 μmol l− 1) and precipitation (SO42− from around 80 to 20–30 μmol l− 1; H+ from around 60 to 10–15 μmol l− 1) samples. At some sites, where fog/cloud becomes the major source of pollutants, deposition hot spots are still observed where, for example, nitrogen deposition can exceed 20 times the relevant critical load. The results show that monitoring of cloud water chemistry can be a sensitive indicator of pollutant emissions. 相似文献
12.
Barberá C Fernández-Jover D López Jiménez JA González Silvera D Hinz H Moranta J 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(4):235-246
Irregular sea urchins such as the spatangoid Spatangus purpureus are important bioturbators that contribute to natural biogenic disturbance and the functioning of biogeochemical cycles in soft sediments. In the coastal waters of the Balearic Islands S. purpureus occurs in soft red algal beds, and can reach high densities. The diet of S. purpureus is unknown and it is particularly difficult to analyze the stomach contents of this group; therefore, we analyzed the fatty acid (FA) composition of the gonads and potential food resources in order to assess the trophic relationships of this species. The FA profiles of the gonads of S. purpureus agree well with the FA composition of the potential trophic resources (algae and sediment) and reveals changes between localities with different available resources. Three polyunsaturated FAs mainly contributes in the composition in the S. purpureus gonads: eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), both abundant in the macroalgal material, and palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7), which is characteristic of sediment samples. Trophic markers of bacterial input and carnivorous feeding were significantly more abundant in sea urchins caught on bottoms with less vegetation. The current study demonstrates that the FA content of S. purpureus gonads is a useful marker of diet, as differences in the profiles reflected the variations in detritus composition. The results of this study show that this species has omnivorous feeding behavior; however, viewed in conjunction with available abundance data the results suggest that phytodetritus found within algal beds is an important carbon source for this species. 相似文献
13.
Hctor Lpez Loera Jos Jorge Aranda-Gmez Jorge A. Arzate Roberto Stanley Molina-Garza 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008,170(3-4):135-152
Joya Honda (JH) is a Quaternary maar excavated in Mesozoic limestone. It is located in central Mexico and belongs to the Ventura volcanic field (VVF), which is composed by cinder cones and maars made of intraplate-type mafic alkalic rocks. Volcanoes in the region form N20W lineaments, roughly parallel to a regional set of normal faults, but there is no obvious relation between these faults and vent distribution in the exposed geology around the maar. The volcanic rock volume is small in the VVF, and most volcanoes and their products are scattered in a region where outcrops are dominated by limestone.The near-vent tephra associated to the JH maar lies north of the crater. This relation suggests that the crater was formed by directed hydromagmatic explosions and may indicate an inclined volcanic conduit near the surface. The tephra stratigraphy suggests that the initial explosions were relatively dry and the amount of water increased during the maar forming eruption. Therefore, the existing model of the maar–diatreme formation may not be applicable to Joya Honda as it requires the formation of a cone of depression in the aquifer and deepening of the focii of the explosions as the crater and underlying diatreme grew. Thus, it is unlikely that there is a diatreme below Joya Honda.Aeromagnetic data shows a boundary between two regional magnetic domains near the elongated volcanic cluster of the VVF. The boundary is straight, with a distinct kink, from NE- to NW-trend, near JH. The limit between the domains is interpreted as fault contacts between mid-Tertiary volcanic rocks and marine Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Hence, magma ascent in the area may have been facilitated by fractures near the surface.Magnetic and gravimetric ground surveys show that the anomalies associated with the maar are not centered in the crater, which could be consistent with an inclined volcanic conduit. A magnetic profile measured on exposed limestone across the volcanic lineament failed to show an anomaly such as that caused by a connecting dike between the volcanoes. Therefore, either the dike does not exist or it is so deep or so thin that it is beyond the limit of detection of the method and/or equipment used. Thus, the volcanic conduit immediately below Joya Honda can be reasonably modeled in the shape of a plug. A 2-D model of the crater anomaly is consistent with a roughly tabular deposit formed by fall-back pyroclasts and slump deposits near the surface. Based on this result we propose an alternative model for the formation of maar-type volcanoes excavated in hard rock, where there is no evidence of a gradual decrease of the water/magma ratio as the eruption advanced. 相似文献
14.
轴-辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑 总被引：28，自引：7，他引：28
在阐述国际轴-辐航空网络发展和国内外研究现状的基础上,作者分析了这种航空网络的基本内涵,讨论了它的竞争优势,并基于轴-辐侍服理念,设计了评价指标体系,选取35个样本机场,分层次对我国枢纽机场进行甄选;依据枢纽机场及相关标准,构筑了我国的干线网络和支线网络,从而构筑了我国轴-辐侍服航空网络体系。 相似文献
15.
为了精准查明拟建隧道沿线地质情况,通常采用水平孔绳索取心钻探技术。在超深涌水水平孔绳索取心钻进中,投放、打捞内管总成钻具和打捞器是施工中的难题。因此从研制专用水平钻机、选择大功率泥浆泵、封隔分流涌水、设计绳索取心钻具送绳器、定制专用内平绳索取心钻杆等几方面开展研究。全面分析了泥浆泵压力、钻杆内径大小、钻孔深度、钻杆的密封性、钻孔涌水量、涌水压力、孔壁间隙等因素对投送内管总成钻具和打捞器速度的影响,实现了高效、低成本、绿色钻探技术集成。经过精心组织,成功完成了千米级的大涌水水平孔绳索取心钻探施工,精准查明了隧道洞身段工程地质条件,取得了满意的技术效果,为隧道设计和施工提供了安全保障,也为超深涌水水平孔钻探提供了经验。 相似文献
16.
17.
To evaluate the relative importance of possible food sources, including riverine particulate organic matter, reeds, benthic microalgae, seaweeds, cultured laver (Porphyra) and coastal phytoplankton, for commercial bivalves and co-occurring benthic animals, 73 macrofaunal species were collected from intertidal and subtidal soft bottoms in the inner part of Ariake Sound, Kyushu, southern Japan, and their isotopic compositions were analyzed. The results revealed that (1) both intertidal and subtidal food webs were constituted of 3 trophic levels, (2) suspension-feeding bivalves utilize a mixture of benthic microalgae and coastal phytoplankton, and omnivores and carnivores incorporate benthic microalgae and phytoplankton through their intermediate prey, and (3) 3 bivalves (Scapharca kagoshimensis, Modiolus metcalfei and Atrina lischkeana) inhabiting both intertidal and subtidal bottoms showed similar seasonal fluctuations, suggesting no difference in the diet composition among the species and between the 2 habitats. We conclude that a large biomass of benthic microalgae which was approximately equal to that of phytoplankton and the strong tidal currents that would resuspend benthic microalgae and transport them to subtidal bottom areas account for the benthic microalgal and phytoplankton based trophic structure in the inner part of Ariake Sound. 相似文献
18.
R. Rosenberg H. C. Nilsson B. Hellman S. Agrenius 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2000,50(6):843
In the northern part of the Kattegat, western Sweden, a series of marine depressions remain since the last glaciation. One of these, the well-oxygenated Alkor Deep, is about 3 km long and 800 m wide and with a depth of 138 m. Random depth-stratified sampling was made along four transects on the slopes including benthic macrofauna (0·1 m2grab samples) and sediment profile imaging. A significant positive correlation was found between depth and the faunal variables abundance and biomass. Deposit feeders such as Maldane sarsi, Heteromastus filiformis andAbra alba were among the dominants and may have been supported by down-slope advected organic material. In many images, pockets and extensive burrows were seen in the sediment that appeared to be constructed by the crustaceans Calocaris macandreae and Maera loveni. The ecological significance of their irrigation of the sediment is discussed. Due to the faunal activity deep down in the sediments of the slopes, the mean apparent redox potential discontinuity (RPD) was found as deep as between 8·0 and 11·3 cm depth, and RPD was significantly positively correlated with water depth. On the slopes there appears to be a balance between the input of organic material and the capacity of the benthic organisms to assimilate that carbon. 相似文献
19.
经济区域内支线机场选址模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
程小慷 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(3):407-409
当以城市群所组成的特定经济区域,其航空运输需求量足以达到一个适当规模的支线机场发展所需的业务量时,发展航空运输是必需的.在根据布局选址原则经验比选备选场址的基础上,以获得最佳经济效益为目标建立支线机场选址模型,并探讨参数确定和计算步骤,可用于机场选址的优化决策. 相似文献
20.